香水好きさんの中には、香水の歴史について気になったことがある人も、多いのではないでしょうか。
今回は、香水はいつから存在するのか、日本にはいつ伝わったのかなど、香水の歴史を解説します。
日本ではいつから使われてる？どんなブランドがあった？香水の歴史を解説
香水の歴史について、くわしく説明します。
そもそも香水とは？いつからあるものなの？
世界的に香水が歴史に登場したのは、紀元前3000年ころと言われています。
メソポタミアでは神への薫香を捧げていたとされ、基本的には宗教的なものとして使えれていました。
また、古代エジプトの王様がなくなると、遺体に香料を塗って葬ったそうです。
その後、紀元前1850年ころに香水を製造していたという最古の工場跡が、ギリシアで発掘されています。
アルコールに溶かす香水が作られるようになったのは、蒸留方法がヨーロッパに渡ってからで、それまでは油脂に香りを吸着させた香油や香膏などの形で使われていました。
さらに歴史が流れた16～19世紀には、ヨーロッパでお風呂に入ると病気になると信じられていたことで、体臭を消すために香水が発展していきました。
現在のような香水が誕生したのも16世紀末のことです。
フランスアンリ2世の夫人である、カトリーヌ・ド・メディチがイタリアのフィレンツェからの輿入れの時に持ってきたことで、世に知られるようになりました。
前身はイタリアで販売されたアクア・ミラビリスで、さらに17世紀末から18世紀初めには、ケルンの水と呼ばれるようになり、それをフランス軍兵士がパリに持ち帰り、オーデコロンと呼ばれるようになったそうです。
その後、フランス革命がおこり、マリー・アントワネットが処刑された後に、彼女が愛用していた香水が、急激に流行し始めました。
19世紀になると科学が発展したこともあり、天然の香りだけでなく、合成香料が製造できるようになり、急速に香水が広まっていったそうです。
日本に香水が入ってきたのはいつ？江戸時代に入ってきた？
香水の前に、香として日本に伝えられたのは、飛鳥時代のことです。
奈良時代には唐から香薬を調合して作る薫物が伝えられました。
その後、広く香道が親しまれるようになり、庶民にまで香料が広まったのは、江戸時代とされています。
化粧品などの身近な存在となった香は、伽羅の油や花の露と呼ばれる、鬢付け油が広く浸透しました。
江戸時代の後半期には化粧水が誕生し、江戸時代末期から明治初期にかけては、舶来の香水が紹介されています。
ペリーが伝来した際、日本の贈り物リストの中にも、香水ギフトがあったといわれています。
明治5年以降は、国産の西洋風フレグランスも発売され、日本での需要も給食に伸びていったそうです。
また、日本人による初めての本格的な香水と言われているのが、資生堂の花椿です。
花椿は大正5年の1917年に作られ、資生堂フレグランスの原点ともいえる香水になります。
【論文・本】香水の歴史が知りたいときのおすすめな調べ方は？
香水の歴史が知りたいときのおすすめな調べ方について、くわしく説明します。
もっと深く香水の歴史について調べたいときはどうする？
さらに香水の歴史を調べたい場合、本を読んだり、論文などの文献を調べるのもおすすめです。
一番手軽なのが本を読む方法で、調べてみるといろいろな本が出版されています。
香水は古くから人々に親しまれているアイテムで、歴史を調べてみると面白いので、まずは自分に合った本を探してみてください。
匂いの歴史や香りについての科学的な書籍まで、香水についての本といっても幅広い種類があります。
まずは、レビューや書籍についての説明を読んで、知りたいことについて簡潔に書いていそうな本を探してみるのもおすすめです。
香水のことが知りたいなら博物館などに行くのもおすすめ！
この投稿をInstagramで見る
書籍や論文のほかにも、香水の歴史が知りたいなら、博物館などに行ってみるのもおすすめです。
こちらのような大分にある香りの博物館など、香水についてくわしく知ることができる博物館もあります。
香水博物館では実際に香水を作ることもできるので、より身近に香水の歴史を感じたい人は利用してみてください。
香水は江戸時代から日本にある歴史の長いアイテム！気になる人は調べてみよう
日本で香水が親しまれるようになったのは、江戸時代後期から明治時代初期のころで、意外と歴史の長いアイテムになります。
香水が伝わる前には、お香や香油として親しまれ、日本でも広く香りが利用されてきました。
現在でも広く使われている香水ですが、より深く香水について知りたいなら、歴史について調べるのもおすすめです。
今回解説したことを参考に、さらに香水の歴史についていろいろと調べてみてください。
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